Dixy Lee Ray was a marine biologist, associate professor at the University of Washington, and director of Seattle's Pacific Science Center.
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Ray, Dixy Lee (1. History. Link. org. Dr. Dixy Lee Ray was a marine biologist, associate professor at the University of Washington, and director of Seattle's Pacific Science Center. In 1. 97. 2 President Richard Nixon (1. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), which she chaired from 1. In 1. 97. 6 she became the first woman to be elected governor of Washington.
The Seattle- King County Association of Realtors named Dixy Lee Ray First Citizen of 1. Her mother was Frances Adams Ray. Her father, Alvis Marion Ray, was a commercial printer.
The second in a family of five girls, Dixy Lee quickly carved out a niche as the tomboy. Originally named Marguerite, family lore had it that Ray was often referred to ruefully as . Dickens evolved to Dixy. Ray is said to have chosen her middle name in reference to a family ancestry to Robert E. Whatever the story, Dixy Lee Ray's original first name was a closely guarded secret during her years in the public spotlight. In 1. 93. 0 she legally changed her name to Dixy Lee Ray. This early exposure to nature was formative to Dixy Lee, who later credited the hours out of doors with her attraction to science.
At age 1. 2 she climbed Mount Rainier, the youngest girl on record to have done so at the time. She worked many jobs such as puppeteer, janitor, waitress, and housepainter to put herself through school. Ray later told her friend and biographer Louis Guzzo (1. In 1. 94. 2 she went to Stanford University as first a John Switzer fellow and then a Van Sicklen fellow. In 1. 94. 5 she earned a doctorate in biological science from Stanford. In 1. 94. 5 Ray became an instructor in zoology at the University of Washington.
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She was the only female faculty member in zoology at the time and for many years thereafter. In 1. 94. 7 she became an assistant professor, and in 1. In 1. 95. 2 she was awarded a Guggenheim fellowship. In 1. 96. 0 she took a leave of absence from the University of Washington to serve on the National Science Foundation as Special Consultant in Biological Oceanography. While serving the Foundation, Ray wrote feasibility studies that resulted in the establishment of the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the National Radio Astronomy Center. She testified before House and Senate hearings on science. Unlike many of her fellow scientists she had the ability to state scientific cases in lay terminology.
Ray's evolving role was to be a bridge between the scientific community and the federal government. She had been a member of the science advisory board for the U. S. Science Exhibit, the forerunner of the Pacific Science Center.
She was especially concerned with de- mystifying science to the general public, a controversial idea among scientists at the time. Dixy Lee Ray's hard work was credited with saving the Pacific Science Center. Jim Backstrom, who succeeded Ray as Director, told the Seattle Post- Intelligencer, .
Her sheer stubborn persistence kept it alive until it could be rescued; she kept it from being squashed and washed away. The mission was a joint venture of the National Science Foundation and 2. Ray led a team of graduate students in performing marine research in the Indian Ocean.
Ray was the first woman to win the award, a trend she would continue to ride during the remainder of her life. Nixon's desire to appoint a woman scientist to the Committee from what was at the time a very limited pool of prominent women in the sciences overshadowed the fact that Ray's background was in marine biology, not nuclear physics. The Atomic Energy Commission deliberated for just 2.
Ray's nomination, which was then unanimously confirmed by the U. S. In 1. 97. 3 Ray became chairman of the Committee, a position she held until the Committee's disbandment in 1. She consistently downplayed the risks of atomic radiation and urged construction of more atomic power plants. Breaking with previous AEC policy, she opened the organization's files on peaceful uses of the atom to nuclear- energy detractors such as Ralph Nader. Ray embraced nuclear energy because she felt that whereas fossil fuel supplies were limited, atomic energy was not. This pragmatic but unbending stance and Ray's consistent dismissal of any risks to the public or the environment maddened opponents of nuclear energy.
Her choice of hosiery (white knee socks) was reported. Occasionally reports about her two dogs, a 1. Scottish deerhound named Ghillie and a miniature poodle named Jacques, who accompanied her to the AEC office, eclipsed reportage about her professional activities. Ray lived in a 2. Virginia and was chauffeured to the AEC offices in Germantown, Maryland, in a limousine. The First Citizen award recognizes outstanding service to the Seattle community. Ray was the 3. 5th person and the third woman to receive the award.
Ray returned to Seattle from Washington, D. C., to accept the award and to listen to testimonials offered by her colleagues in science, education, community affairs, and government. Describing the event for The Seattle Times, Michael J. Parks quoted Ray as saying she considered the time in which she lived . In addition to the distinctive First Citizen plaque and the wooden bowl carved by pioneer realtor J. Wheeler traditionally presented to First Citizen recipients, Ray was given a symbolic Kwakiutl headdress and a wooden mask carved by Kwakiutl tribe member Russell Jones. Ray resigned the post after only six months, complaining that Secretary of State Henry Kissinger (b.
The Seattle Times reported, . Dixy Lee Ray told a Senate subcommittee yesterday she saw Secretary of State Henry Kissinger only once - - the day she was sworn in as an assistant secretary of state.
She has resigned because she said she was cut out of policy decisions and could not get sufficient staff personnel to get her job done. Senators Warren Magnuson and Henry .
Paul Boyd wrote in The Weekly, . The two heavyweights provided a needed legitimacy to Dr.
Previously unaffiliated, Ray ran as a Democrat. John Spellman told the Seattle Post- Intelligencer, . We had a lot of debate .. In this respect Dixy Lee Ray chipped out a completely new territory.
She was the second woman in the history of the country to be elected Governor without succeeding a husband. Grasso, elected Governor of Connecticut in 1.
A handful of other women succeeded their husbands in the gubernatorial seat.). As the first resident of the Governor's Mansion without a First Lady, Ray hired her elder sister Marion R. Reid to serve as her secretary and official hostess. Reid convinced her sister to wear blouses instead of men's shirts and to abandon her trademark knee socks. She balanced the state budget and during her tenure as Governor oversaw the state's first full funding for basic education. She also earned a reputation as a friend of the Northwest aircraft industry.
The growing group of Washingtonians who opposed her plastered their bumpers with stickers reading, . She also signed into law Washington Referendum 4. Washington State Women's Council (also called the Women's Commission). Ray quickly earned a reputation for quick anger when her plans were thwarted. Describing Ray's gubernatorial style in The Wall Street Journal, Joan Libman wrote, .
This quotability, combined with an adversarial relationship with the press, resulted in a wealth of Dixy- isms, quips, and sound bites that caught the public's attention, but ultimately undermined Ray's credibility. Her decision to discontinue the traditional early morning press conferences in Olympia angered the press corps. Complaining that the press misquoted her or quoted her remarks out of context, Ray initiated a series of Town Hall meetings directly with the public across the state. Her press secretary, F. Duayne Trecker, soon resigned.
Her pro- nuclear stance, especially, put her at odds with many Democrats. Her constant jousting with the press, outspokenness, and her unconventionality were less acceptable to the voters of 1.
Senator Jim Mc. Dermott (b. Republican John Spellman (b.
Mc. Dermott in the general election. She was frequently in the news giving her opinion of current events. The Seattle Post- Intelligencer quoted her as saying .
On the first anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster on April 2. USSR (now Ukraine), an article by Joel Connelly in the Seattle Post- Intelligencer was headlined . On August 2. 3, 1.
Seattle Post- Intelligencer article was titled . During the 1. 97. Ray was judged and often condemned for her personal style, begging the question of whether another politician identical in every way save gender would have fared differently. Ray remained, finally, the little dickens.
That the little dickens was female codified both the press and the public reaction to everything she did. Hutchinson Medal for Service in Conservation (1. United Nations Peace Medal (1.
Francis Boyer Science Award (1. She was awarded 2.